Biological Sciences

Lichen associations are overwhelmingly supported by carbon produced by photosynthetic algal symbionts. These algae have diversified to occupy nearly all climates and cont [...]

Introduced invasive plants are a major environmental problem, but public interest in invasive plants is generally considered low compared to climate change and threatened [...]

Synapses containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) constitute the primary centers for inhibitory neurotransmission in our nervous system. It is unclear how these synaptic str [...]

The current political climate in the United States has mobilized scientists to be-come more cognizant of the need to advocate for sustainable science funding from the fed [...]

Describing patterns of plant phenology through models has been critical for quantifying species responses to climate change and forecasting future vegetation impacts. How [...]

Importance: Adaptive expertise helps physicians apply their skills to novel clinical cases and reduce preventable errors. Error management training (EMT) has been show [...]

The denaturant dependence of hydrogen–deuterium exchange (HDX) is a powerful measurement to identify the breaking of individual H-bonds and map the free energy surface (F [...]

Women remain underrepresented in STEM fields, with a major STEM pipeline leakage occurring between high school and post-secondary education. Past research suggests that p [...]

Trained immunity is characterized by epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming in response to specific stimuli. This rewiring can result in increased cytokine and effector r [...]

Introduction: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors, initially developed for treating hyperlipidemia, have shown promise in reducing the risk of new-ons [...]

The process of lichenization, or the formation of a symbiotic partnership between an algal photobiont and its fungal mycobiont host, has been very challenging to replicat [...]

Radiotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells. A major challenge in treating cancer is the heterogeneity of the disease. Preclinica [...]

Background: Congenital toxoplasmosis is a treatable, preventable disease, but untreated causes death, prematurity, loss of sight, cognition and motor function, and sub [...]

Sexually dimorphic female-limited Batesian mimicry is known to be present in butterflies of the genus Papilio. The sex differentiation transcription factor doublsex (dsx) [...]

RNA molecules often play critical roles in assisting the formation of membraneless organelles in eukaryotic cells. Yet, little is known about the organization of RNAs wit [...]

Microbes contribute biologically available nitrogen to the ocean by fixing nitrogen gas from the atmosphere and by mineralizing organic nitrogen into bioavailable dissolv [...]

Importance: People who use drugs (PWUD) continue to be at risk of HIV infection, but the frequency and distribution of transmission-associated behaviors within various [...]

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Importance: There has been large geographic inequity in vaccination coverage across Chicago, Illinois, with higher vaccination rates in zip codes with residents who pr [...]

Background: There are concerns about the degree to which county income level might underlie the stark disparities in cancer death rates among US counties; at the same [...]

Although atherosclerosis preferentially develops at arterial curvatures and bifurcations where disturbed flow (DF) activates endothelium, therapies targeting flow-depende [...]

The Cladia aggregata complex is one of the phenotypically most variable groups in lichenized fungi, making species determination difficult and resulting in di [...]

Mathematical aspects of coverage and gaps in genome assembly have received substantial attention by bioinformaticians. Typical problems under consideration suppose that r [...]

Transposable elements are potent agents of genomic change during evolution, but require access to chromatin for insertion—and not all genes provide equivalent access. [...]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) posttranscriptionally regulate targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by inducing cleavage or otherwise repressing their translation. We address the proble [...]