Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by cognitive decline and memory loss. Despite advancements in AI-driven neuroimag [...]

The fin-to-limb transition in vertebrate evolution has been central to the study of how development underlies evolutionary change. In this context, the functional analysi [...]

Maximum-entropy methods provide a principled path connecting measurements of neural activity directly to statistical physics models, and this approach has been success [...]

Chimaeras (Holocephali) are an understudied group of mostly deep-ocean cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) with unique characteristics that distinguish them from their [...]

Endothermy has independently evolved in several vertebrate lineages but remains rare among fishes. Using an integrated approach combining phylogenomic and ecomorphologica [...]

The earliest record of dentine, an early vertebrate novelty, has been controversially represented by Anatolepis heintzi, known from fragmentary Cambrian and Ordovician fo [...]

The earliest record of tooth antecedents and the tissue dentine, an early-vertebrate novelty, has been controversially represented by fragmentary Cambrian fossils identif [...]

Microstimulation of the somatosensory cortex can evoke tactile percepts in people with spinal cord injury, providing a means to restore touch. While location and intensit [...]

The divergence of Homo from gracile australopiths has been described as a trend of decreasing dentognathic size and robusticity, precipitated by stone tool use and/or a s [...]

The origin of birds represents a pivotal transition in vertebrate evolution, marked by significant changes in both brain size and feeding biomechanics. The evolution of t [...]

Motion is an essential component of everyday tactile experience: most manual interactions involve relative movement between the skin and objects. Much of the research on [...]

Many studies have linked genetic variation to behavior, but few connect to the intervening neural circuits that underlie the arc from sensation to action. Here, we used a [...]

Understanding the functional significance of morphological variation is crucial for investigating locomotor adaptations in fossil primates and early hominins. However, th [...]

Background: The effective management and conservation of biodiversity is predicated on clearly defined conservation targets. Species number is frequently used as a met [...]

Synovial joints, characterized by reciprocally congruent and lubricated articular surfaces separated by a cavity, can simultaneously provide mobility and load bearing. He [...]

Tactile feedback from brain-controlled bionic hands can be partially restored via intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the primary somatosensory cortex. In ICMS, the [...]

Everything that the brain sees must first be encoded by the retina, which maintains a reliable representation of the visual world in many different, complex natural scene [...]

Squamates have independently evolved an elongate, limb-reduced body form numerous times. This transition has been proposed to involve either changes to regulatory gene ex [...]

Squamates have independently evolved an elongate, limb-reduced body form numerous times. This transition has been proposed to involve either changes to regulatory gene ex [...]

Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is a method for restoring sensation to people with paralysis as part of a bidirectional brain–computer interface (BCI) to restore up [...]

Mechanisms of computation in sensorimotor cortex must be flexible and robust to support skilled motor behavior. Patterns of neuronal coactivity emerge as a result of comp [...]

Objective: Chimpanzees are altricial in terms of their locomotor development and transition from being carried to engaging in suspensory and arboreal locomotor behavio [...]

Physical principles and laws determine the set of possible organismal phenotypes. Constraints arising from development, the environment, and evolutionary history then yie [...]

The external ear in eutherian mammals is composed of the annular, auricular (pinna), and scutellar cartilages. The latter extends between the pinnae, across the top of th [...]