Organismal Biology and Anatomy

The origin of birds represents a pivotal transition in vertebrate evolution, marked by significant changes in both brain size and feeding biomechanics. The evolution of t [...]

Motion is an essential component of everyday tactile experience: most manual interactions involve relative movement between the skin and objects. Much of the research on [...]

Many studies have linked genetic variation to behavior, but few connect to the intervening neural circuits that underlie the arc from sensation to action. Here, we used a [...]

Understanding the functional significance of morphological variation is crucial for investigating locomotor adaptations in fossil primates and early hominins. However, th [...]

Background: The effective management and conservation of biodiversity is predicated on clearly defined conservation targets. Species number is frequently used as a met [...]

Synovial joints, characterized by reciprocally congruent and lubricated articular surfaces separated by a cavity, can simultaneously provide mobility and load bearing. He [...]

Tactile feedback from brain-controlled bionic hands can be partially restored via intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of the primary somatosensory cortex. In ICMS, the [...]

Everything that the brain sees must first be encoded by the retina, which maintains a reliable representation of the visual world in many different, complex natural scene [...]

Squamates have independently evolved an elongate, limb-reduced body form numerous times. This transition has been proposed to involve either changes to regulatory gene ex [...]

Squamates have independently evolved an elongate, limb-reduced body form numerous times. This transition has been proposed to involve either changes to regulatory gene ex [...]

Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is a method for restoring sensation to people with paralysis as part of a bidirectional brain–computer interface (BCI) to restore up [...]

Mechanisms of computation in sensorimotor cortex must be flexible and robust to support skilled motor behavior. Patterns of neuronal coactivity emerge as a result of comp [...]

Objective: Chimpanzees are altricial in terms of their locomotor development and transition from being carried to engaging in suspensory and arboreal locomotor behavio [...]

Physical principles and laws determine the set of possible organismal phenotypes. Constraints arising from development, the environment, and evolutionary history then yie [...]

The external ear in eutherian mammals is composed of the annular, auricular (pinna), and scutellar cartilages. The latter extends between the pinnae, across the top of th [...]

Time-order error, a psychophysical phenomenon in which the duration in between successive stimuli alters perception, has been studied for decades by neuroscientists and p [...]

Many complex systems—from the Internet to social, biological, and communication networks—are thought to exhibit scale-free structure. However, prevailing explanations [...]

The “gold standard” for the assessment of trabecular bone structure is high-resolution micro-CT. In this technical note, we test the influence of initial scan resolut [...]

A new lithostrotian titanosaur, Qunkasaura pintiquiniestra gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a single partial skeleton from the late Campanian-early Maastrichtian f [...]

Evolutionary novelties entail the origin of morphologies that enable new functions. These features can arise through changes to gene function and regulation. One key nove [...]

During reaching, neurons in motor cortex exhibit complex, time-varying activity patterns. Though single-neuron activity correlates with movement parameters, movement corr [...]

The moth fly, Clogmia albipunctata, is a common synanthropic insect with a worldwide range that lives in nearly any area with moist, decaying organic matter. These habita [...]

Complex morphological structures, such as skulls or limbs, are often composed of multiple morphological components (e.g., bones, sets of bones) that may evolve in a covar [...]

Statistical inference is central to many scientific endeavors, yet how it works remains unresolved. Answering this requires a quantitative understanding of the intrinsic [...]

The axial columns of the earliest limbed vertebrates show distinct patterns of regionalization as compared to early tetrapodomorphs. Included among their novel features a [...]