This dissertations interrogates how the concept of ubiquity has dominated understandings of surveillance technologies within contemporary American society and in its transnational reach. In its common use, ubiquity refers to the way that surveillance technologies are everywhere around us, while digital media scholars use the term to denote how sensing devices are universal in scope and experientially non-present. However, these frameworks are ill-equipped to examine how surveillance exercises differentiating violences within capital, colonial, and imperial power. Through a media studies approach, I argue instead that ubiquity is best understood as a medial effect produced through the technological and aesthetic operation of surveillance systems that indexes the uneven distribution of power across social and political life. Through a range of technical texts and aesthetic objects, I show how ubiquity obfuscates analytics of social difference at the same time that social difference serves as the ground upon which surveillance brings forth populations within racialized regimes of visibility and violence. Each chapter focuses on a key site of mediation that is by nature ubiquitous, but does not produce equal effects of surveillance. The first chapter investigates how the use of weather data in predictive analytics reanimates colonialist imaginaries of race, affect, and the environment. The second chapter interrogates how genetic surveillance systems construct racial difference by predicting ancestry within DNA. The third chapter examines how radar technologies produce targets as racialized constructs within sites of US imperial war-making. The final chapter demonstrates how play is bound up with state-sanctioned racism and territorial violence within sites of border gamification. Ultimately, these chapters aim to transform how we understand the complicity of computational media within global circuits of differential power in order to contribute towards broader activist projects of resistance.