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Abstract

In October 2016, I adopted my dog, Gracie. Within days, I came to understand something that had already been evident to others but that is mostly denied or ignored by philosophers of love: that one can genuinely, fully, with all of one’s heart, love a non-human animal. When contemporary philosophers deny, either by assumption or argument, the possibility of loving a non-human animal, they tend to be understanding love specifically in terms of the love one might have for one’s close friends, family, and romantic partners – who we might call one’s “special somebodies.” But it is precisely this kind of love that is at issue when people, like me, claim to love their non-human animal companions. My dissertation is a response to this problem. Drawing on my experience with Gracie, as well as the experiences of others, I develop an account of love that can make sense of the possibility of loving a non-human animal such as a dog. I argue that love should be understood as an attitude of one individual toward another individual within the context of a relationship marked by a history of interaction. Thus, an individual creature is a possible object of love insofar as they are capable of participating in a relationship of the relevant kind. Thus, at the bare minimum, an object of such love must be what I call a “somebody” – a locus of subjective experience and initiative, capable of participating in intersubjective interaction. Relationships of the kind that provide love’s context are characterized not just by a history of interaction, but more specifically, a kind of interaction that constitutes what I call “togetherness.” In togetherness there is mutual attunement and receptivity such that the interaction can be characterized as dialogical – that is, as having a dynamic characterized by genuine back-and-forth or give-and-take, in which each responds to the other precisely as another somebody. Moreover, togetherness is characterized by a mutual openness, where each embraces and gets intrinsic satisfaction from the presence of the other. This openness is emotionally laden in a way that might be expressed in terms of a mutual warmth or affection, of more or less intensity. It might thus be understood as a form of bonding, or a meeting of hearts. As I describe in some depth in the dissertation, this is precisely the kind of relationship that I have with Gracie, and that many others have with their non-human animal companions. By characterizing such relationships as providing the context for the kind of love we have for our special somebodies, and the relationships that we can have with certain non-human animals as of the relevant kind, my account gives an explanation of how we can love our non-human animal companions as one of our special somebodies.

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