Pharmacology, or the use of chemical drugs for disease treatment, has been one of the driving forces for the development of human civilization since the time of the industrial revolution. However, biological structures respond to many other stimuli, one of which is the electrical field. At the dawn of the silicon age and thanks to the proliferation of microelectronics, we are beginning to build our understanding of electrical signaling in cells and tissue, and we can start developing electroceuticals which are devices capable of directly interrogating biological electric fields for health disorder treatment. These methods and devices find numerous therapeutic applications, for example, in treating heart defects, chronic pain management, epilepsy, and Parkinson's diseases, while not building dangerous drug dependency. Studying new materials and methods to make these treatments safe and affordable is critical. This thesis will describe the discovery, analysis, and proof of concept applications of inorganic materials for bioelectronics and future electroceutical therapies. It will discuss biointerfaces and materials design fundamentals, followed by the original research studies. In particular, nanostructured materials will be at the center of the thesis. Detailed studies of electrochemical mesoporous carbon-based material and photoelectrochemical nanoporous silicon-based material will be presented. The applicability of such materials to electroceutical therapies will be investigated using clinically relevant animal models. Finally, it will describe new concepts for integrating information technology and artificial intelligence into bioelectronics studies. The presented technologies show translational potential and can become a basis of clinical therapies in the future.