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Abstract

Biointerface is the area where a biological entity interacts with a biomaterial. Properly designing a biointerface enhances the functionalities of biomaterials in recording biological signals and modulating biological behavior. To solve this issue, My Ph.D. thesis research proposed three different strategies at biointerfaces which could bridge the biomaterials with biological tissue. My thesis research demonstrated that by rationally designing the biointerfaces for bioelectronics and biomaterials, we can facilitate bioelectrical signal recording, modulate biological behavior, and also enhance their therapeutic effects in treating complex diseases.Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 discuss the rational design of the monolithic-to-focal biointerface that combines the benefits of both monolithic and focal biointerfaces. This biointerface employs a phase-transition hydrogel which is responsive to environmental temperature and pH. A comprehensive study of the hydrogel transition process is performed through a variety of simulation and materials characterization tools. Additionally, I will present a novel dynamic adhesion technique for focal biointerface through chemical modification to the polymer backbone. This technique stabilizes the focal biointerface and enhances the therapeutic effect of treating inflammatory colitis. Chapter 2 primarily outlines the fabrication of the monolithic-to-focal biointerface, underscoring its significance in bioelectronics integration. The benefits of this biointerface in recording electrocardiography signals and treating myocardial infarction will also be demonstrated. Chapter 3 evaluates the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of the monolithic-to-focal biointerface compared with existing biointerface methods. The result emphasizes the importance of monolith-to-focal biointerface and the dynamic adhesion technique in the realm of regenerative medicine, spotlighting its promising potential for clinical applications. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce the concept of a tissue-like living biointerface that seamlessly integrates biomechanical, bioelectrical, biochemical, and biological properties. This biointerface is built by living hydrogels, which innately possess these multifaceted features. Inspired by natural biofilm, the discussion will center on how a material engineering approach can be employed to create an environment suitable for the long-term sustainment of living components inside the hydrogel. Chapter 4 will focus on the construction of the living biointerface. The potential and the functionality of the living biointerface in bridging the tissue and bioelectronics will be shown. Chapter 5 will investigate the applications of the living bioelectronic system in disease management, exploring its capabilities in both recording and therapy. The living biointerface also paves the way for research on the convergence of bacterial and mammalian interactions. Additionally, I will demonstrate its effectiveness in treating skin inflammatory disorders like psoriasis, highlighting its potential for clinical implementation. Chapter 6 demonstrates a new method for constructing the semiconductor biointerface for bacterial biological modulation. The discussion will cover the in situ construction of the semiconductor biointerface at the periplasmic area of the bacteria. The material properties of the formed semiconductor will be characterized through various advanced material characterization methods. Additionally, the biological pathway underlying the biointerface formation and how the periplasmic biointerface regulates the behavior and metabolism of bacteria will be highlighted through comprehensive transcriptomics analysis. It will also be demonstrated that the periplasmic semiconductor enhances the bioproduction of malate through photo-stimulation.

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