There are several attributes that standout as common ground when defining the term "indigenous." The six attributes examined in this paper - "firstness", a connection to land, cultural forms, attempted assimilation, experiences of dispossession, and marginalization - are broad themes and a useful analytic to ask why certain groups which meet these criteria are typically excluded from the categorization. This paper then posits and examines the Scottish Kingdom as a new case study in indigenous scholarship, and explores the complicated history of the nation.