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Abstract
In the present study, I argue that contemporary Latin American writers have responded to the various catastrophes and apocalyptic events of the twenty-first century not only by addressing them thematically but also by envisioning alternative modes of being, alternatives that have to do with our relationship with our bodies, the environment, and the Other. I understand the apocalypse in literature as a secularization of the Judeo-Christian narrative of the end of the world and I focus on one of the most important aspects of apocalyptic fiction: the revelation. That is, the announcement of a new order to come. In this sense, my corpus includes novels from six countries that deal with issues such as the climate crisis, agribusiness expansion, authoritarianism, biological weapons, and pandemics. I contend that the following Latin American authors engage with the cataclysmic potential of these forces and posit alternatives to these catastrophic powers through various ways, including a revision of our relationship with corporeality, with the non-human world, with the economy, and with the ghosts of colonialism. In chapter one, I argue that Ana Paula Maia’s De gados e homens (2013) and Samanta Schweblin’s Distancia de rescate (2014) feature protagonists whose acute sensibility to the environment enable them to read the early signs of an approaching apocalypse that others barely perceive. Against the damaging effects of agribusiness in Brazil and Argentina, Maia and Schweblin stage practices of care that include an openness to communication with other animals and a preemptive analysis of environmental risk. Chapter two focuses on Mexican author Yuri Herrera’s La transmigración de los cuerpos (2013) and the Brazilian novel Corpos secos (2020), written by Luisa Geisler, Marcelo Ferroni, Natalia Borges Polesso and Samir Machado de Machado. These novels discuss the cracks in the social fabric and in the economy of their literary universes and highlight the importance of language and facts amid an epidemic and a zombie apocalypse.
The second half of this study takes a more openly political turn. In chapter three, I analyze the fictional transnational organizations in Pola Oloixarac’s Las constelaciones oscuras (2014) and Rita Indiana’s La mucama de Omicunlé (2015). These works not only suggest that the Bolivarian dream of Latin American integration is still alive in our political imaginaries but also set forth a region still plagued by the ghosts of Argentinian and Dominican dictatorships, where cyborgs, Afro-Caribbean deities and transgender subjects have an antiauthoritarian and environmental role to play. Finally, chapter four addresses the dystopian and utopian impulses in Erick Mota’s Habana underguater (2010) and Alison Spedding’s De cuando en cuando Saturnina: una historia oral del futuro (2004). I argue that, from opposite ends of the spectrum, these authors advocate for the construction of a Cuba and a Bolivia based on personal and collective freedoms, where their hacker protagonists right the wrongs of private organizations and allow for the constant improvement of existing utopias.