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Abstract

Broadcast Police Communication (BPC) is sociologically significant because it provides a framework wherein power, social relationships, effective communication, cooperation, and interdependence can all be investigated simultaneously and in real time. The most prevalent type of BPC is one that involves a patrol unit and/or a police dispatcher making contact with a law enforcement officer (LEO). The average length of these dialogues is less than 2 seconds, yet they provide background for analyzing the interplay of power and dominance amongst the participants at the micro-, meso-, and macro-scales. The idea of dominance differs across the social and computational sciences. Dominance in the social sciences is centered on interpersonal behaviors that are indicators of micro aggressions. They are typical of social hierarchies, and the attitudes/behaviors contribute to the stabilization and perpetuation of social hierarchies. On the other hand, dominance in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is defined as the nonverbal vocal characteristics that indicate one's sense of power or submission in conversations. Acoustic characteristics such as fundamental frequency (voice pitch), formant frequency (frequency peak in voice that results from an acoustic resonance of the human vocal tract), loudness, breeziness in voice, speech rate, vocal variability etc. play key roles in the perception and assessment of dominance in human conversations. The evaluation of dominance characteristics can explain how aspects of control/submission might direct the conversation and, as a result, guides the outcome of the dialogue. The study revealed that context and structure of the BPC affects how participants listen to and interpret BPC messages. The low overall reliability of the labels for dominance between the annotators highlighted the importance of familiarity with the radio codes in individual’s response to radio communication.

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