In this essay, I will approach this duality of Chineseness, both being a geographic area that 1.4 billion of people belong to, and being a political regime, from different angles and present how it has been the source of emotional struggles for Chinese people. This essay is generally divided into two parts which separately show how both the non-Chinese world and Chinese people fail to separate the dual aspects (namely, China being a nation state does not coincide with it being one’s homeland) of China over time.