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Abstract

Nanomaterials often exhibit distinctive and fascinating physicochemical properties, providing scientific solutions to various challenges that human beings are facing. Rational design and integration of different materials at the nanoscale is an effective way to maximize the advantages of nanomaterials and to realize real device applications. In this dissertation, nanohybrids and nanostructures with desired electronic performance have been designed and fabricated for environmental sustainability including water sensors for advanced environmental monitoring and lithium/potassium-ion batteries for energy storage. First, a self-assembly method is developed for the deposition of graphene oxide (GO) onto electrodes, which enables a reliable and high-quality fabrication of reduce graphene oxide (rGO)-based field-effect transistor (FET) devices. Through the combination of probe modified 0D Au nanoparticles, 2D rGO, and Al2O3 thin film, an effective FET sensing platform for water contaminant monitoring is demonstrated. Assisted by novel signal transduction mechanisms including pulse-driven capacitive sensing and AC impedance measurement, this sensing platform realized selective and highly sensitive detection of lead ions and Ebola-glycoprotein (GP) in water. Scalable micromolding-in-capillary method and inkjet printing technique were further explored to reduce the fabrication cost of 2D material-based FET sensors, following the theoretical percolation analysis using a 2D continuum model, which indicates that the 2D flake shape dominates in forming the electrical connection. Using the inkjet printing technique, robust MoS2 semiconducting channels, as long as hundreds of micrometers, exhibiting high current on/off ratio have been prepared, which is compatible with the inkjet printing resolution to facilitate a fully printed FET water sensor device. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate in the field of portable energy storage devices. Combining the high capacity of 0D SnO2 nanoparticles with excellent mechanical and electrical properties of rGO, a SnO2/Sn-rGO sandwiched nanocomposite has been prepared through a facile metal-organic precursor coating on GO and in-situ transformation strategy, and applied as an anode for LIBs. Its structural robustness and electrochemical reversibility are validated by the superior Li storage capability: a reversible capacity of 1,307 mAh g-1 at a current density of 80 mA g-1 and a stable capacity of 449 mA g-1 after 400 cycles at 1,600 mA g-1. Because of the abundance of potassium reserves, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have the potential to realize large-scale applications at a low cost. In order to harness the high-capacity of red P as anodes for PIBs, Zn-MOF-74 derived nanoporous carbon nanorods as an impregnation matrix have been demonstrated through facile morphology adjustment on Zn-MOF-74 using a mixed-solvent strategy. The obtained porous carbon nanorods enable a high loading capacity and perfect encapsulation of P while reserving free spaces to accommodate the volume change of P in the composite anode, resulting in outstanding potassium storage performance in terms of initial Coulombic efficiency (78.5%), reversible capacity (595.8 mAh g-1), rate capability (187.5 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1), and long-term cycling stability. This morphology modulation of Zn-MOF-74 potentially opens a general pathway for the directed evolution of various carboxylate-based MOFs.

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