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Abstract
Native American reservations possess a disproportionately high share of the nation’s solar and wind resources. Despite this boon, tribes have not been able to capitalize on the growing demand for renewable energy sources and build utility-scale generating units. For over 20 years, the main barriers to development have remained consistent: inadequate funding, limited infrastructure, and leadership challenges. By analyzing the approach of the Navajo Power Utility Authority and the Oceti Sakowin Power Authority, we can see that tribal-led, independent energy enterprises are a valuable strategy for renewable energy development. The expertise and resources provided by an energy enterprise, along with their innovative funding strategies, organizational structure, and understanding of Native community values, play a crucial role in developing utility-scale wind and solar projects. Based on these findings, I propose that tribal governments interested in renewable energy development should invest in creating or joining tribal-led energy enterprises. Furthermore, tribes with tribal energy enterprises should consider pursuing Tribal Energy Development Organization (TEDO) certification. With the help of TEDO certification, tribal led energy enterprises would no longer depend on BIA approval for renewable energy projects. While the original Indian Tribal Energy Development and Self-Determination Act (ITEDSA) has received well-deserved criticism in the past, recent amendments, including the path of TEDO certification, have made this a viable strategy to further propel efficiency in renewable energy projects.