This dissertation comprises three empirical studies in labor economics that shed light on productivity, labor-market interventions, and intergenerational mobility in Brazil. Chapter 1 reports the results of a large-scale, firm-level randomized controlled trial that investigated how management practices affect productivity and the composition of the workforce. A relatively modest intervention — a 120-hour consultancy promoting lean-manufacturing techniques on a single production line — raised that line’s labor productivity by about 10\% and increased plant-wide employment in non-production occupations (e.g., sales), while keeping factory floor employment stable. Chapter 2 revisits the classic question of the effectiveness of public job-training programs from a new perspective. It investigates whether information on skill demand provided by local employers improves program outcomes. Between 2014 and 2015, a segment of Brazil’s national job-training program incorporated employers’ input when selecting courses, while the rest retained a traditional, government-led curriculum. Exploiting quasi-random assignment of training offers, we find that the employer-informed variant roughly doubled short-run gains in employment and earnings (4% to 8%) relative to the traditional program, although these advantages fade after four years. The superior short-term performance stems from better alignment between course offerings and the labor demand of large, fast-growing firms in low-growth areas—needs that public planners alone would have struggled to predict. Chapter 3 documents the construction of a multi-generational panel that links children to parents and follows individuals across multiple Brazilian administrative datasets. It details large-scale data-cleaning procedures, such as name harmonization and probabilistic record linkage, that were used. Finally, the chapter illustrates the dataset’s potential by showing how twin and sibling pairs can be identified and used to implement twin designs and gene–environment interaction analyses that separate the roles of genes and childhood environment in shaping adult outcomes.