Trabecular bone is a novel structure among the skeletal system due to its ability to adapt its shape and orientation to accommodate stress at a faster rate than other skeletal elements. Over the last few decades, advancements in micro-CT scanning and computational programs have allowed scientists the ability analyze trabecular structures. The majority of this trabecular investigation has focused on human models with comparably minimal analysis of other clades of mammal or other amniote species. Additionally, many of the assumptions we have of amniote trabecular diversity stems from analysis of captive specimens and singular boney elements that fail to reflect the diversity of trabecular structures throughout the skeleton in a wide diversity of wild specimens. This dissertation work looks to utilize and expand on existing methodology to identify the factors influencing trabecular diversity across ontogeny, phylogeny, ecology, and between distinct limb elements. Across three chapters, I identified that behavior and the resulting loading stress exerted on bones serves as a primary driving force shaping trabeculae as an individual ages and engages in a wider range of adult behaviors. These increased activities result in significant distinctions between the trabeculae of the humerus and femur in the majority of mammal species; a trend that is not observed within reptiles. Ecological niche and limb posture were found to have minimal impact on traditionally sampled trabecular characteristics, though this may stem from problematic and limited methodology in defining these groups. Primary orientation was identified as a powerful tool in discerning diversity between clades and postural groups, and I advocate for its inclusion in future trabecular research. Upper and lower limb elements were found to exhibit significant differences, while lower limb elements were far more homogenized than the upper limb bones. Finally, the uniformity of trabeculae within the clade Didelphidae that runs counter to trabecular trends observed in other mammals suggest a complexity in identifying what factors drive trabecular development. This, paired with the large amount of intraspecific diversity in trabeculae between smaller order clades warrants further investigation.