The data to reproduce the results of this study are available at https://github.com/Yefeng0920/replication_EcoEvo_git). The data are also available via Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12748092 (ref. 12).

The code for reproducing the results of this study is available at https://github.com/Yefeng0920/replication_EcoEvo_git. The code is also available via Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12748092 (ref. 12). We provide code implemented in R (v.4.0.1) and Julia (v.1.10.0). The reproducible R code in an interactive format (code chunks paired with results) also can be found in the Supplementary Information and at https://yefeng0920.github.io/replication_EcoEvo_git/.

© The Author(s) 2024

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.