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Abstract

The non-democratic legislature is not a new phenomenon and did not receive serious attention from comparative political scientists until the post-Cold War era. This paper examines the Legislative Council (LegCo) of Hong Kong before and after the electoral overhaul. By conducting the sentiment analysis, it shows how the LegCo before the overhaul was a hybrid regime legislature which served as an arena of contestation between the pro-democracy and pro-Beijing camps. After the pro-democracy camp withdrew from the LegCo in November 2020 and the electoral overhaul in 2021, the upsurge in the positive sentiment demonstrates how the overhauled LegCo becomes an authoritarian legislature which has been turned into a public arena for the pro-Beijing legislators to signal loyalty. While the senior pro-Beijing legislators face increasing demand to signal loyalty after the overhaul, the new pro-Beijing legislators tend to signal loyalty excessively to appeal to the Chinese authorities due to their juniority in the LegCo. Compared to the direct and non-direct elected legislators, the latter has to signal more loyalty because the functional and Election Committee constituencies are under the control of Chinese authorities which allows them to handpick their preferred candidates but the former also faces increasing demand to signal loyalty due to the public dwindling interest in the LegCo. The LegCo best exemplifies how the officials or subordinates in authoritarian regimes engage in ‘‘nauseating displays of loyalty” under an incomplete information environment.

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