This thesis explores the complex interplay of geopolitical, economic, and institutional factors influencing national policies towards Chinese 5G technology. In an era defined by rapid technological advancement and escalating geopolitical tensions, the rollout of 5G technology has become a critical point of international relations and national security discussions. Particularly, Chinese firms like Huawei have been at the center of global debates, prompting varied governmental responses ranging from cautious acceptance to outright bans. Through comprehensive quantitative analysis, this thesis seeks to untangle the reasons behind this divergent policy preference, examining how the dynamics of the international political economy, domestic political influences, and security considerations shape policies. From a national security perspective, this thesis founds that great power influence through arm transfer is pivotal in countries’ foreign trade and technology decision. From a political economic perspective, this study challenges the assumptions of commercial peace and reveales the prevailing protectionist strategies, suggesting that concerns about economic dependency are more pivotal than mere trade imbalances in shaping state actions towards Chinese 5G technology. By integrating theoretical insights with empirical data, this study contributes to the discourse on technology governance and international trade policy, offering new perspectives on the intersection of global economics and national security.