The precision in reconstructing events detected in a dual-phase time projection chamber depends on an homogeneous and well understood electric field within the liquid target. In the XENONnT TPC the field homogeneity is achieved through a double-array field cage, consisting of two nested arrays of field shaping rings connected by an easily accessible resistor chain. Rather than being connected to the gate electrode, the topmost field shaping ring is independently biased, adding a degree of freedom to tune the electric field during operation. Two-dimensional finite element simulations were used to optimize the field cage, as well as its operation. Simulation results were compared to 83mKr calibration data. This comparison indicates an accumulation of charge on the panels of the TPC which is constant over time, as no evolution of the reconstructed position distribution of events is observed. The simulated electric field was then used to correct the charge signal for the field dependence of the charge yield. This correction resolves the inconsistent measurement of the drift electron lifetime when using different calibrations sources and different field cage tuning voltages.
Details
Title
Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment
Author
Aprile, E. : Columbia University Abe, K. : Kamioka Observatory Maouloud, S. Ahmed : Sorbonne Université Althueser, L. : Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Andrieu, B. : Sorbonne Université Angelino, E. : INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino Angevaare, J. R. : Nikhef Antochi, V. C. : Stockholm University Antón Martin, D. : University of Chicago Arneodo, F. : New York University Abu Dhabi Baudis, L. : University of Zürich Baxter, A. L. : Purdue University Bazyk, M. : Université de Nantes Bellagamba, L. : University of Bologna Biondi, R. : Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Bismark, A. : University of Zürich Brookes, E. J. : Nikhef Brown, A. : Universität Freiburg Bruenner, S. : Nikhef Bruno, G. : Université de Nantes Grandi, L. : University of Chicago Long, J. : University of Chicago Pienaar, J. : University of Chicago Yuan, L. : University of Chicago
Data availability statement
This manuscript has no associated data or the data will not be deposited. [Authors’ comment: The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.]
Funding Information
European Union’s Horizon 2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant, 860881-HIDDeN SCOAP3
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Notes
Due to the large number of authors, only the first 20 and the University of Chicago authors are included on the above author list. Please download the article for the complete list of authors.
