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Abstract

The implementation of land-use enforcement within the United States has played a historical role in the lives of African-Americans --- in everything from slavery to its impact on black religious values. This evolution of land development can be traced back from its indigeneity during the stone age era unto this day. Over the years, land-use enforcement has been expressed by some as an exploitative way for a regime to gain power toward increasing their own economic and territorial advantages. For others, its ramifications have been accepted as a way of life, used persuasively to ensure the continual reproduction of labor among minority classes. In both cases, African Americans have witnessed many hostile transitions related to land enforcement --- including colonialism, slavery, black laws, Jim Crow, segregation, and discriminatory zoning. Today, zoning inequality remains a problem among minority religious communities. Overall, the racial force and intensity of zoning outcomes, whether legal or discriminative, are founded upon the evolution of land-use enforcement, even use of its supporting systems of pre-existing government, stratification, and exclusionary zoning. Subject to its hierarchal derivation are the repressive behaviors manifested among those involved in such matters --- and are often triggered by certain internal stimuli resulting in new paradigms of class tension. During the Great Migration in 1910, onlookers witnessed a dichotomous eruption between black advocates of historical denominations and new minority leadership. High among this list of complaints were concerns based upon the increasing number of Storefront Churches inundating tenancy in historical religious districts worldwide. Through the lens of the Storefront Church movement, this thesis will argue that the impact of both legal and discriminative religious zoning in America is hinged on the evolution of land-use enforcement; and the ethical outcomes of zoning strife is contingent upon one’s relative association to pre-existing government, stratification, and exclusionary zoning.

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