To Embrace or Reject: Investigating the Perception of New Arrivals in America's Most Welcoming City

This study investigates the factors influencing Chicago, IL residents' attitudes toward migrants during the "Venezuelan Migrant Crisis" from 2021-2024. Findings reveal that age, economic status, and racial identity significantly shape perceptions, with younger and affluent individuals generally expressing more positive views. However, cultural threats and resource competition heighten resentment among lower-income groups, especially those reliant on city resources. Contrary to contact theory, proximity to migrants does not consistently improve attitudes and, in some cases, reinforces negative perceptions. The study also critiques the weaponization of sanctuary city policies, as seen in "Operation Lone Star," for exacerbating socioeconomic inequalities and perpetuating xenophobia. These insights offer pathways to creating equitable, community-centered strategies that bridge divides between migrants and local residents, while upholding the city's commitment to inclusivity and human rights.