Method and apparatus for preparation of spherical metal carbonates and lithium metal oxides for lithium rechargeable batteries

A number of materials with the composition Li1+xNialphaMnbetaCogammaM'deltaO2-zFz (M'=Mg,Zn,Al,Ga,B,Zr,Ti) for use with rechargeable batteries, wherein x is between about 0 and 0.3, alpha is between about 0.2 and 0.6, beta is between about 0.2 and 0.6, gamma is between about 0 and 0.3, delta is between about 0 and 0.15, and z is between about 0 and 0.2. Adding the above metal and fluorine dopants affects capacity, impedance, and stability of the layered oxide structure during electrochemical cycling. Another aspect of the invention includes materials with the composition Li1+xNialphaCobetaMngammaM'deltaOyFz (M'=Mg,Zn,Al,Ga,B,Zr,Ti), where the x is between 0 and 0.2, the alpha between 0 and 1, the beta between 0 and 1, the gamma between 0 and 2, the delta between about 0 and about 0.2, the y is between 2 and 4, and the z is between 0 and 0.5.