The Role of State Capacity in the Failure of the Kurdish Peace Process in Turkiye (2013-2015): Prospects for a Renewed Peace Initiative

This thesis analyzes the influence of state capacity on peace processes, specifically focusing on the Kurdish peace process in Turkiye from 2013 to 2015. Through a case study analysis, it argues that the relatively weak state capacity significantly contributed to the failure of the Kurdish peace process. Conversely, the relatively stronger state capacity in the current period creates a more conducive environment for a renewed civilian peace initiative. Employing a tripartite framework of state capacity, encompassing military, political, and economic dimensions, this thesis posits that while economic capacity remains relatively neutral due to its negligible impact on the process, a robust military capacity has facilitated negative peace through military dominance in this conflict. Furthermore, it is argued that the strong political capacity has the potential to transform this negative peace into a positive peace. Overall, strong state capacity is fundamental for a sustainable peace process. Finally, the thesis concludes with strategic policy implications and recommendations for achieving sustainable peace, culminating in an environment of social peace and harmony which will strengthen Turkiye both domestically and internationally. In this regard, this study aims to contribute to the academic and policy-making discourse on the resolution of the Kurdish question in Turkiye which could provide geopolitical insights applicable to regional Kurdish issues in Syria, Iraq, and Iran.