Published August 7, 2019 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Cytokine release and gastrointestinal symptoms after gluten challenge in celiac disease

Description

Celiac disease (CeD), caused by immune reactions to cereal gluten, is treated with gluten -elimination diets. Within hours of gluten exposure, either perorally or extraorally by intradermal injection, treated patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms. To test whether gluten exposure leads to systemic cytokine production time -related to symptoms, series of multiplex cytokine measurements were obtained in CeD patients after gluten challenge. Peptide injection elevated at least 15 plasma cytokines, with IL-2, IL-8, and IL-10 being most prominent (fold-change increase at 4 hours of 272, 11, and 1.2, respectively). IL-2 and IL-8 were the only cytokines elevated at 2 hours, preceding onset of symptoms. After gluten ingestion, IL-2 was the earliest and most prominent cytokine (15-fold change at 4 hours). Supported by studies of patient-derived gluten-specific T cell clones and primary lymphocytes, our observations indicate that gluten-specific CD4+ T cells are rapidly reactivated by antigen -exposure likely causing CeD-associated gastrointestinal symptoms.

Data availability

All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors.

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Additional details

Identifiers

DOI
10.1126/sciadv.aaw7756
Other
oai:uchicago.tind.io:10968

Funding

National Institutes of Health
RO1DK67180
National Institutes of Health
R01DK098435
University of Chicago
Digestive Diseases Research Core Center
The Research Council
179573/V40
Research Council of Norway
179573/V40
Stiftelsen KG Jebsen
SKGH-MED-017
The South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority
2013046
Massachusetts General Hospital
The Paul and Kathy Severino Research Fund
University of Melbourne
The Mathison Centenary Fellowship

UChicago Information

Division(s)
Biological Sciences Division
Department(s)
Medicine, Pediatrics