@article{PATENT,
      recid = {9112},
      title = {Pseudo-capacitor device for aqueous electrolytes},
      number = {PATENT},
      month = {Nov},
      year = {1998},
      abstract = {A pseudo-capacitor having a high energy storage capacity  develops a double layer capacitance as well as a Faradaic  or battery-like redox reaction, also referred to as  pseudo-capacitance. The Faradaic reaction gives rise to a  capacitance much greater than that of the typical ruthenate  oxide ultracapacitor which develops only charge  separation-based double layer capacitance. The capacitor  employs a lead and/or bismuth/ruthenate and/or iridium  system having the formula A2[B2-xPbx]O7-y, where A=Pb, Bi,  and B=Ru, Ir, and O<x</=1 and O<y<0.5 and limits the amount  of ruthenate and/or iridium in the electrodes while  increasing the energy storage capacity. The ruthenate can  be synthesized at low temperatures (40 DEG -80 DEG C.) to  form a compound with a high surface area and high  electronic conductivity which, in combination with the  increased pseudo-capacitance, affords high energy/power  density in the pseudo-capacitor. The amount of expensive  ruthenate and iridium can be substantially reduced in the  pseudo-capacitor by increasing the lead content while  improving energy storage capacity.},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/9112},
}