@article{TEXTUAL, recid = {6318}, author = {D'Souza, M. Patricia and Adams, Erin and Altman, John D. and Birnbaum, Michael E. and Boggiano, Cesar and Casorati, Giulia and Chien, Yueh-hsiu and Conley, Anthony and Guiomar Eckle, Sidonia Barbara and Früh, Klaus and Gondré-Lewis, Timothy and Hassan, Namir and Huang, Huang and Jayashankar, Lakshmi and Kasmar, Anne G. and Kunwar, Nina and Lavelle, Judith and Lewinsohn, David M. and Moody, Branch and Picker, Louis}, title = {Casting a wider net: Immunosurveillance by nonclassical MHC molecules}, journal = {PLOS Pathogens}, address = {2019-02-21}, number = {TEXTUAL}, abstract = {Most studies of T lymphocytes focus on recognition of classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or II molecules presenting oligopeptides, yet there are numerous variations and exceptions of biological significance based on recognition of a wide variety of nonclassical MHC molecules. These include αβ and γδ T cells that recognize different class Ib molecules (CD1, MR-1, HLA-E, G, F, et al.) that are nearly monomorphic within a given species. Collectively, these T cells can be considered “unconventional,” in part because they recognize lipids, metabolites, and modified peptides. Unlike classical MHC-specific cells, unconventional T cells generally exhibit limited T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoires and often produce innate immune cell-like rapid effector responses. Exploiting this system in new generation vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), other infectious agents, and cancer was the focus of a recent workshop, “Immune Surveillance by Non-classical MHC Molecules: Improving Diversity for Antigens,” sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Here, we summarize salient points presented regarding the basic immunobiology of unconventional T cells, recent advances in methodologies to measure unconventional T-cell activity in diseases, and approaches to harness their considerable clinical potential.}, url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/6318}, }