@article{TEXTUAL,
      recid = {5363},
      author = {Lassner, Jared W. and Ahn, James and Singh, Armaan and  Kukulski, Paul},
      title = {Growth of for-profit involvement in emergency medicine  graduate medical education and association between  for-profit affiliation and resident salary},
      journal = {AEM Education and Training},
      address = {2022-08-03},
      number = {TEXTUAL},
      abstract = {&lt;p&gt;Background: Following projections of an emergency  medicine (EM) physician oversupply, the growth of EM  residency programs affiliated with for-profit hospitals has  been subject to increased attention and speculation.  However, essentially no literature exists regarding these  programs. Resident pay is one area where these programs  could differ from nonprofit-affiliated programs, as  investor obligations could make for-profit corporations  more likely to reduce resident salaries to increase profit  margins. Here, we aim to quantify the growth of EM  for-profit affiliated residency programs from 2001–2021 and  determine if PGY1 salaries differ between these program  types.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Methods: Medicare and ACGME accreditation  data were used to determine the profit status of hospitals  affiliated with EM residency programs. ACGME new  accreditation data from 2001–2021 were used to quantify the  growth of both for-profit and nonprofit affiliated programs  over this period. We searched program websites and called  programs to determine 2021–2022 PGY1 salary. Multiple  regression was used to model the relationship between  profit status and salary using program characteristic  covariates to control for confounding variables.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Results: The number of EM programs increased from 117 to  276 from 2001–2021 while the number of for-profit  affiliated EM residency programs increased from 1 to 29  during this period. Most (85.7%, [24/29]) for-profit  affiliated programs were accredited from 2016–2021. Mean  for-profit affiliated program salary (55,658, n  = 24) was  3,840 lower than mean nonprofit affiliated program salary  (59,498, n  = 203). For-profit affiliation was a  significant predictor of lower 2021–2022 PGY1 salary after  controlling for other program characteristics using  multiple regression ( ß  = −1919.88, P = 0.010).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Conclusions: We found a substantial growth of newly  ACGME accredited for-profit affiliated EM residency  programs from 2016–2021. We also found for-profit  affiliated programs pay lower PGY1 salaries than  nonprofit–affiliated programs after controlling for  potential confounding variables, which suggests more  oversight over the salary determination process could be  necessary to prevent resident underpayment.&lt;/p&gt;},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/5363},
}