@article{THESIS,
      recid = {4272},
      author = {Huang, Yanwen},
      title = {Conditional Imitation: A new perspective of interpreting  the fall of the Past East Asian Hegemon, the Late Qing  Empire},
      publisher = {University of Chicago},
      school = {M.A.},
      address = {2022-08},
      number = {THESIS},
      abstract = {The European powers, after years of capital accumulation  through the industrial revolution, are ambitious about  extending their order and influence beyond the scope of  Europe. In the nineteenth century, the European powers and  the United States brought their new international order and  culture to challenge the east Asian hegemon Qing Empire and  its neighbor Japan. Confronting the threat of the western  powers, the Qing Empire and Japan had no other choice but  to imitate stronger powers to ensure their survival. They  imitated in different ways, which later completely diverged  the fate of these two empires. As a result, Japan was  successfully westernized and made it equal to the other  European powers, but the Qing dynasty continued to decline  until it collapsed. Why Japan's imitation was successful,  but Qing Empire's imitation unsuccessful? Imitation is  indeed a shortcut for backward countries to ensure survival  and acquire more power; however, the case of Japan and Late  Qing shows that not all imitations help prevent a state  from survival crisis. Successful imitation comes with  preconditions, which have been rarely discussed in  imitation literature. This research developed a new term,  conditional imitation, using the case of the Qing Empire  and Japan to explain why Japan succeeded in imitating and  China failed by concluding the necessary preconditions for  a successful imitation. The result indicates that those  preconditions include 1) the progressive mindset of elites,  2) a stable domestic power structure, and 3) a  comprehensive one-step reform.},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/4272},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.6082/uchicago.4272},
}