@article{Embodiment:1886,
      recid = {1886},
      author = {Lagos, Danya Raquel},
      title = {Embodiment, Identity, and Gender Regimes in the United  States: Findings from Population Surveys},
      publisher = {University of Chicago},
      school = {Ph.D.},
      address = {2019-06},
      pages = {128},
      abstract = {While qualitative research provides many insights into how  gendered interactions operate at the level of interpersonal  interactions and institutions, gender regimes, or political  economic structures that shape inequality operate at the  population level. It is now possible to look at the gender  differences between the health of subpopulations beyond  simple markers of “male” and “female,” and to see how sex  assignment at birth, identity at adulthood, and differences  in embodied expression factor into the advantages and  disadvantages mediated by the gender regime through social  determinants of health. Using a general health surveys of  adults in the United States, I begin by analyzing the  general patterns in self-rated health in a population-level  sample of cisgender men and women, transgender men and  women, and gender nonconforming respondents 31 U.S. states  and Guam collected between 2014 and 2016. This research is  the focus of Essay I, which is a rather straightforward  survey-weighted regression analysis of the original data,  forthcoming in Demography in December 2018. In Essay II, I  exploit a significant shortcoming in the same survey’s  design, in which the phone-based survey interviewers impute  respondents’ sex based on the sound of their voices without  confirming it in any manner throughout the rest of the  survey (Riley, Blosnich, Bear, and Reisner 2017). This  shortcoming provides quasi-experimental conditions in which  phone interviewers have recorded their own overall  voice-based assumptions about the sex of transgender  respondents without first knowing that respondents are  transgender. Key differences are discernable between  transgender men who are rated consistently with their  gender identity, and those who are not, as well as among  transgender women. Essay III builds on the findings of  Essay II about embodied characteristics, and explores how  gender presentation may influence rates of identifying as  transgender, and finds that racial/ethnic differences  factor into the likelihood of identifying as transgender,  after controlling for gender presentation. This essay uses  data from the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey, a general  survey of 9th and 11th graders in Minnesota Public  schools.},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/1886},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.6082/uchicago.1886},
}