@article{TEXTUAL, recid = {14652}, author = {Singh, Dhiraj K. and Ahmed, Mushtaq and Akter, Sadia and Shivanna, Vinay and Bucşan, Allison N. and Mishra, Abhishek and Golden, Nadia A. and Didier, Peter J. and Doyle, Lara A. and Hall-Ursone, Shannan and Roy, Chad J. and Arora, Garima and Dick, Edward J., Jr. and Jagannath, Chinnaswamy and Mehra, Smriti and Khader, Shabaana A. and Kaushal, Deepak}, title = {Prevention of tuberculosis in cynomolgus macaques by an attenuated &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/i&gt; vaccine candidate}, journal = {Nature Communications}, address = {2025-02-25}, number = {TEXTUAL}, abstract = {The need for novel vaccination strategies to control tuberculosis (TB) is underscored by the limited and variable efficacy of the currently licensed vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). SigH is critical for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)</i> to mitigate oxidative stress, and in its absence <i>Mtb</i> is unable to scavenge host oxidative/nitrosative bursts. The <i>MtbΔsigH</i> (<i>ΔsigH</i>) isogenic mutant induces signatures of the innate immunity in macrophages and protects rhesus macaques from a lethal <i>Mtb challenge</i>. To understand the immune mechanisms of protection via mucosal vaccination with <i>ΔsigH</i>, we employed the resistant cynomolgus macaque model; and our results show that <i>ΔsigH</i> vaccination significantly protects against lethal <i>Mtb</i> challenge in this species. <i>ΔsigH</i>-vaccinated macaques are devoid of granulomas and instead generate inducible bronchus associated lymphoid structures, and robust antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses, driven by a hyper-immune, trained immunity-like phenotype in host macrophages with enhanced antigen presentation. Correlates of protection in <i>ΔsigH</i>-vaccinated macaques include gene signatures of T cell activation, IFNG production, including IFN-responsive, activated T cells, concomitant with IFNG production, and suppression of IDO<sup>+</sup> Type I IFN-responsive macrophage recruitment. Thus, <i>ΔsigH</i> is a promising lead candidate for further development as an antitubercular vaccine.}, url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/14652}, }