@article{TEXTUAL,
      recid = {14596},
      author = {Shaw, Tiffany A.},
      title = {Mechanisms of Future Predicted Changes in the Zonal Mean  Mid-Latitude Circulation},
      journal = {Current Climate Change Reports},
      address = {2019-11-21},
      number = {TEXTUAL},
      abstract = {State-of-the-art climate models predict the zonal mean  mid-latitude circulation will undergo a poleward shift and  seasonally and hemispherically dependent intensity changes  in the future. Here I review the mechanisms put forward to  explain the zonal mean mid-latitude circulation response to  increased carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentration.  The mechanisms are grouped according to their thermodynamic  starting point, which are thought to arise from processes  independent of the zonal mean mid-latitude circulation  response. There are 24 mechanisms and 8 thermodynamic  starting points: (i) increased latent heat release aloft in  the tropics, (ii) increased dry static stability and  tropopause height outside the tropics, (iii) radiative  cooling of the stratosphere, (iv) Hadley cell expansion,  (v) increased specific humidity following the  Clausius-Clapeyron relation, (vi) cloud radiative effect  changes, (vii) turbulent surface heat flux changes, and  (viii) decreased surface meridional temperature gradient. I  argue progress can be made by testing the thermodynamic  starting points. I review recent tests of the increased  latent heat release aloft in the tropics starting point,  i.e., prescribing diabatic perturbations, quantifying the  transient response to an abrupt CO<sub>2</sub> increase and  imposing latitudinally dependent CO<sub>2</sub>  concentration. Finally, I provide a future outlook for  improving our understanding of predicted changes in the  zonal mean mid-latitude circulation.},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/14596},
}