@article{TEXTUAL,
      recid = {14496},
      author = {Greenspon, Charles M. and Valle, Giacomo and Shelchkova,  Natalya D. and Hobbs, Taylor G. and Verbaarschot, Ceci and  Callier, Thierri and Berger-Wolf, Ev I. and Okorokova,  Elizaveta V. and Hutchison, Brianna C. and Dogruoz, Efe and  Sobinov, Anton R. and Jordan, Patrick M. and Weiss, Jeffrey  M. and Fitzgerald, Emily E. and Prasad, Dillan and Van  Driesche, Ashley and He, Qinpu and Liu, Fang and Kirsch,  Robert F. and Miller, Jonathan P. and Satzer, David and  Warnke, Peter C. and Downey, John E. and Hatsopoulos,  Nicholas G. and Bensmaia, Sliman J.},
      title = {Evoking stable and precise tactile sensations via  multi-electrode intracortical microstimulation of the  somatosensory cortex},
      journal = {Nature Biomedical Engineering},
      address = {2024-12-06},
      number = {TEXTUAL},
      abstract = {Tactile feedback from brain-controlled bionic hands can be  partially restored via intracortical microstimulation  (ICMS) of the primary somatosensory cortex. In ICMS, the  location of percepts depends on the electrode’s location  and the percept intensity depends on the stimulation  frequency and amplitude. Sensors on a bionic hand can thus  be linked to somatotopically appropriate electrodes, and  the contact force of each sensor can be used to determine  the amplitude of a stimulus. Here we report a systematic  investigation of the localization and intensity of  ICMS-evoked percepts in three participants with cervical  spinal cord injury. A retrospective analysis of projected  fields showed that they were typically composed of a focal  hotspot with diffuse borders, arrayed somatotopically in  keeping with their underlying receptive fields and stable  throughout the duration of the study. When testing the  participants’ ability to rapidly localize a single ICMS  presentation, individual electrodes typically evoked only  weak sensations, making object localization and  discrimination difficult. However, overlapping projected  fields from multiple electrodes produced more localizable  and intense sensations and allowed for a more precise use  of a bionic hand.},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/14496},
}