@article{CharacterizingandQuantifyingHabitatHeterogeneity:1430,
      recid = {1430},
      author = {Tierney, Peter Ward},
      title = {Characterizing and Quantifying Habitat Heterogeneity,  Extinction, and Persistence of Habitat Preference in  Phanerozoic Reefs},
      publisher = {University of Chicago},
      school = {Ph.D.},
      address = {2018-12},
      pages = {143},
      abstract = {Habitat heterogeneity is understood to be a primary driver  of taxonomic diversity in modern reefs, and is assumed to  have acted similarly throughout the Phanerozoic history of  reef-building. However, there is no established methodology  to measure heterogeneity in fossil reefs, and the rock  record presents many challenges to doing so, including  issues of preservation, exposure, and time-averaging. Here,  I present five quantitative and semiquantitative methods  that can be applied to fossil reefs in order to  characterize heterogeneity. These include the complexity  and diversity of reef-builder morphotypes involved in reef  construction, the number of distinct reef facies, the scale  of relief the reef achieved in life, and a Structural  Complexity Index (SCI) calculated using the dimensions of  framework elements encountered along a transect. These  metrics are applied to Ordovician and Pleistocene reefs,  and biases of each metric are discussed in detail. These  metrics are then applied to reefs across the  middle-Paleozoic to assess how heterogeneity changed over  the interval, as reefs became more diverse. Through this  interval, reefs became larger, exhibiting greater relief, a  wider array of reef-builder morphotypes, and a higher  diversity of reef facies.  The final chapter addresses the  identity of a cohesive reef fauna in deep time, using reef  crises as natural experiments to examine extinction and  persistence of reefal preference for reef-builders and  reef-dwellers across the Phanerozoic.  Reefal taxa exhibit  lower extinction than nonreefal taxa, consistent with  having more eurytopic environmental distribution.  Reef-builders and reef-dwellers do not exhibit significant  differences in extinction, but reef-builders express  significantly higher rates of persistence in reefal  habitats. Reef-builders and reef-dwellers do not exhibit  consistent responses to episodes of reef crisis, perhaps  due to variation in the drivers of each reef crisis.  Nevertheless, reef-builders and -dwellers do not respond to  perturbations in similar ways, and should be addressed  separately when analyzing diversity dynamics of reefal  taxa.},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/1430},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.6082/uchicago.1430},
}