@article{TEXTUAL,
      recid = {14114},
      author = {Alexander, Donee A. and Northcross, Amanda and Karrison,  Theodore and Morhasson-Bello, Oludare and Wilson, Nathaniel  and Atalabi, Omolola M. and Dutta, Anindita and Adu,  Damilola and Ibigbami, Tope and Olamijulo, John and  Adepoju, Dayo and Ojengbede, Oladosu and Olopade,  Christopher O.},
      title = {Pregnancy outcomes and ethanol cook stove intervention: A  randomized-controlled trial in Ibadan, Nigeria},
      journal = {Environment International},
      address = {2017-12-20},
      number = {TEXTUAL},
      abstract = {&lt;p&gt;Background: Household air pollution (HAP) exposure has  been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Objectives: A randomized controlled trial was undertaken  in Ibadan, Nigeria to determine the impact of cooking with  ethanol on pregnancy outcomes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Methods:  Three-hundred-twenty-four pregnant women were randomized to  either the control (continued cooking using  kerosene/firewood stove, n = 162) or intervention group  (received ethanol stove, n = 162). Primary outcome  variables were birthweight, preterm delivery, intrauterine  growth restriction (IUGR), and occurrence of  miscarriage/stillbirth.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Results: Mean birthweights  for ethanol and controls were 3076 and 2988 g,  respectively; the difference, 88 g, (95% confidence  interval: − 18 g to 194 g), was not statistically  significant (p = 0.10). After adjusting for covariates, the  difference reached significance (p = 0.020). Rates of  preterm delivery were 6.7% (ethanol) and 11.0% (control),  (p = 0.22). Number of miscarriages was 1(ethanol) vs. 4  (control) and stillbirths was 3 (ethanol) vs. 7 (control)  (both non-significant). Average gestational age at delivery  was significantly (p = 0.015) higher in ethanol-users (39.2  weeks) compared to controls (38.2 weeks). Perinatal  mortality (stillbirths and neonatal deaths) was twice as  high in controls compared to ethanol-users (7.9% vs. 3.9%;  p = 0.045, after adjustment for covariates). We did not  detect significant differences in exposure levels between  the two treatment arms, perhaps due to large seasonal  effects and high ambient air pollution levels.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Conclusions: Transition from traditional  biomass/kerosene fuel to ethanol reduced adverse pregnancy  outcomes. However, the difference in birthweight was  statistically significant only after covariate adjustment  and the other significant differences were in tertiary  endpoints. Our results are suggestive of a beneficial  effect of ethanol use. Larger trials are required to  validate these findings.&lt;/p&gt;},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/14114},
}