@article{TEXTUAL,
      recid = {13800},
      author = {Shaw, Tiffany A. and Voigt, Aiko},
      title = {Land dominates the regional response to  CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; direct radiative forcing},
      journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
      address = {2016-11-04},
      number = {TEXTUAL},
      abstract = {In Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCMs) direct  radiative forcing (increased CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; with fixed sea  surface temperature) is an imperfect concept because land  temperatures are not fixed. Here the response to direct  radiative forcing is decomposed into increased  CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; over ocean and land using an AGCM with  spatially dependent CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. The land versus ocean  response is mostly linear. Consistent with previous work,  ocean direct radiative forcing decreases ocean-averaged  outgoing longwave radiation, precipitation, and tropical  circulation intensity; however, it cannot explain the  regional response to direct radiative forcing. Increased  CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; over land dominates the regional response  via energy input over land, e.g., over deserts where there  is no cloud and water vapor masking and a Rossby wave  teleconnection. This mechanism operates across a range of  climate perturbations, including decreased CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.  Previous AGCM decompositions involving direct radiative  forcing and indirect sea surface temperature warming must  be reinterpreted to include the importance of increased  CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; over land.},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/13800},
}