@article{TEXTUAL,
      recid = {13308},
      author = {Sheng, Jiakai},
      title = {Negotiating extra-settlement roads: Boundary making,  administrative disputes, and power shifts in treaty-port  Shanghai, 1860–1937},
      journal = {Modern Asian Studies},
      address = {2024-05-27},
      number = {TEXTUAL},
      abstract = {Throughout Shanghai’s treaty-port era, divergent  understandings of the extraterritorial regime and the  conflicts between the foreign community’s ‘natural and  lawful’ pursuit of additional space and the Chinese rights  recovery movement prevented clear demarcations between the  city’s foreign settlements and the Chinese sphere. Instead,  these controversies produced an expansive boundary zone in  the form of extra-settlement roads (ESR), a contested and  negotiated space where the projection of foreign power, the  exercise of extraterritorial privileges, and the fabric of  local Chinese lives were all conditioned by an array of  quotidian elements such as public utilities, police  protection, tax duties, and urban spatial characteristics.  By the 1930s, developments in local, national, and imperial  politics—such as the advent of the Guomindang regime,  British accommodation of Chinese nationalism, and the  dwindling authority of the Shanghai Municipal Council  (SMC)—prompted discussions of formal joint Sino-foreign  administration of ESR areas. However, this reconfiguration  met with vehement resistance from the local Japanese  community, which distrusted the British-controlled SMC yet  relied on the treaty port’s existing administrative  framework as a shield against Chinese threats. The  ascendance of mass politics in the 1930s, via Chinese  public outcries against imperial encroachment and Japanese  settlers’ defence of their treaty rights, challenged the  traditional paradigm of boundary-making and made ESR  negotiations devolve into secret diplomacy that eventually  reached a dead end. Examining ESR dynamics sheds new light  on the intricate interplay of national sovereignty,  colonial settlement, and imperial domination, while  offering a fresh perspective on the shifting power  landscapes in treaty-port Shanghai.},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/13308},
}