@article{TEXTUAL,
      recid = {12814},
      author = {Taylor, Aster G. and Seligman, Darryl Z. and MacAyeal,  Douglas R. and Hainaut, Olivier R. and Meech, Karen J.},
      title = {Numerical Simulations of Tidal Deformation and Resulting  Light Curves of Small Bodies: Material Constraints of 99942  Apophis and 1I/'Oumuamua},
      journal = {The Planetary Science Journal},
      address = {2023-05-03},
      number = {TEXTUAL},
      abstract = {In this paper, we present an open-source software  (Simulator of Asteroid Malformation Under Stress, SAMUS)  that simulates constant-density, constant-viscosity liquid  bodies subject to tidal forces for a range of assumed  viscosities and sizes. This software solves the  Navier–Stokes equations on a finite-element mesh,  incorporating the centrifugal, Coriolis,  self-gravitational, and tidal forces. The primary  functionality is to simulate the deformation of minor  bodies under the influence of tidal forces. It may  therefore be used to constrain the composition and physical  structure of bodies experiencing significant tidal forces,  such as 99942 Apophis and 1I/'Oumuamua. We demonstrate that  SAMUS will be useful to constrain the material properties  of Apophis during its near-Earth flyby in 2029. Depending  on the material properties, Apophis may experience an area  change of up to 0.5%, with similar effects on the  photometric brightness. We also apply SAMUS to constrain  the material dynamic viscosity of 1I/'Oumuamua, the first  interstellar object discovered traversing the inner solar  system. 'Oumuamua experienced a close approach to the Sun  at perihelion (q ≃ 0.25 au) during which there were  significant tidal forces that may have caused deformation  of the body. This deformation could have lead to observable  changes in the photometric light curve based on the  material properties. The application of SAMUS to produce  synthetic observations which incorporate tidal deformation  effects demonstrates that no deformation—an infinite  dynamic viscosity—best reproduces the photometric data.  While these results indicate that 'Oumuamua did not  experience significant tidal deformation, a sophisticated  model incorporating nonprincipal axis rotation is necessary  to conclusively analyze both 'Oumuamua and Apophis.},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/12814},
}