@article{TEXTUAL,
      recid = {11454},
      author = {Taha, Mohamed and Nordli, Douglas R., III and Kacker,  Shawn and Oetomo, Audrey and Phitsanuwong, Chalongchai and  Nordli, Douglas R., Jr.},
      title = {Electroclinical features of myoclonic-tonic and  spasm-tonic seizures in childhood},
      journal = {Epileptic Disorders},
      address = {2024-03-27},
      number = {TEXTUAL},
      abstract = {Myoclonic-tonic (MT) and spasm-tonic (ST) seizures  represent distinctive features in late infantile epileptic  encephalopathy (LIEE). This commentary aims to delineate  the electroclinical characteristics of MT and ST seizures,  setting them apart from other seizure types. Our analysis  encompasses 211 ST and MT seizures observed in 31 patients  diagnosed with LIEE, providing a comprehensive overview of  video-EEG features and polygraphic signatures. In MT  seizures, EEG findings reveal a high-voltage diffuse  spike/polyspike and wave discharge, often succeeded by  diffuse electrodecrements. The amplitude-integrated EEG  (aEEG) signature is described as a “reversed checkmark.”  Conversely, ST seizures exhibit EEG findings such as a  vertex positive deflection after a slow-wave and relative  electrodecrement, with intermixed epileptiform discharges.  In comparison to MT seizures, polygraphic characteristics  in ST seizures appear more distinct, featuring a brief  rhomboid shape corresponding to the spasm, followed by a  lengthier rectangular shape indicative of the tonic phase  of the ST seizure. While the pathophysiology of ST and MT  seizures remains inadequately understood, their concurrent  occurrence and association with other seizure types (tonic,  epileptic spasm, myoclonic) within the temporal context of  LIEE and other epileptic encephalopathies prompt us to  anticipate advancements in our understanding through future  research. We hope that this study serves as a foundation  for unraveling these complexities in the times to come.},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/11454},
}