@article{TEXTUAL,
      recid = {11448},
      author = {Sayahpour, Baharak and Li, Weikang and Bai, Shuang and Lu,  Bingyu and Han, Bing and Chen, Yu-Ting and Deysher, Grayson  and Parab, Saurabh and Ridley, Phillip and Raghavendran,  Ganesh and Nguyen, Long Hoang Bao and Zhang, Minghao and  Meng, Ying Shirley},
      title = {Quantitative analysis of sodium metal deposition and  interphase in Na metal batteries},
      journal = {Energy & Environmental Science},
      address = {2024-01-15},
      number = {TEXTUAL},
      abstract = {Sodium-ion batteries exhibit significant promise as a  viable alternative to current lithium-ion technologies  owing to their sustainability, low cost per energy density,  reliability, and safety. Despite recent advancements in  cathode materials for this category of energy storage  systems, the primary challenge in realizing practical  applications of sodium-ion systems is the absence of an  anode system with high energy density and durability.  Although Na metal is the ultimate anode that can facilitate  high-energy sodium-ion batteries, its use remains limited  due to safety concerns and the high-capacity loss  associated with the high reactivity of Na metal. In this  study, titration gas chromatography is employed to  accurately quantify the sodium inventory loss in ether- and  carbonate-based electrolytes. Uniaxial pressure is  developed as a powerful tool to control the deposition of  sodium metal with dense morphology, thereby enabling high  initial coulombic efficiencies. In ether-based  electrolytes, the Na metal surface exhibits the presence of  a uniform solid electrolyte interphase layer, primarily  characterized by favorable inorganic chemical components  with close-packed structures. The full cell, utilizing a  controlled electroplated sodium metal in ether-based  electrolyte, provides capacity retention of 91.84% after  500 cycles at 2C current rate and delivers 86 mA h  g<sup>−1</sup> discharge capacity at 45C current rate,  suggesting the potential to enable Na metal in the next  generation of sodium-ion technologies with specifications  close to practical requirements.},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/11448},
}