@article{TEXTUAL,
      recid = {10656},
      author = {Poroyko, Valeriy and White, James Robert and Wang, Mei and  Donovan, Sharon and Alverdy, John and Liu, Donald C. and  Morowitz, Michael J.},
      title = {Gut Microbial Gene Expression in Mother-Fed and  Formula-Fed Piglets},
      journal = {PLOS ONE},
      address = {2010-08-27},
      number = {TEXTUAL},
      abstract = {<p>Background: Effects of diet on the structure and  function of gut microbial communities in newborn infants  are poorly understood. High-resolution molecular studies  are needed to definitively ascertain whether gut microbial  communities are distinct in milk-fed and formula-fed  infants.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings:  Pyrosequencing-based whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing  (RNA-seq) was used to evaluate community wide gut microbial  gene expression in 21 day old neonatal piglets fed either  with sow's milk (mother fed, MF; n = 4) or with artificial  formula (formula fed, FF; n = 4). Microbial DNA and RNA  were harvested from cecal contents for each animal. cDNA  libraries and 16S rDNA amplicons were sequenced on the  Roche 454 GS-FLX Titanium system. Communities were similar  at the level of phylum but were dissimilar at the level of  genus; <em>Prevotella</em> was the dominant genus within MF  samples and <em>Bacteroides</em> was most abundant within  FF samples. Screened cDNA sequences were assigned  functional annotations by the MG-RAST annotation pipeline  and based upon best-BLASTX-hits to the NCBI COG database.  Patterns of gene expression were very similar in MF and FF  animals. All samples were enriched with transcripts  encoding enzymes for carbohydrate and protein metabolism,  as well as proteins involved in stress response, binding to  host epithelium, and lipopolysaccharide metabolism.  Carbohydrate utilization transcripts were generally similar  in both groups. The abundance of enzymes involved in  several pathways related to amino acid metabolism (e.g.,  arginine metabolism) and oxidative stress response differed  in MF and FF animals.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance:  Abundant transcripts identified in this study likely  contribute to a core microbial metatranscriptome in the  distal intestine. Although microbial community gene  expression was generally similar in the cecal contents of  MF and FF neonatal piglets, several differentially abundant  gene clusters were identified. Further investigations of  gut microbial gene expression will contribute to a better  understanding of normal and abnormal enteric microbiology  in animals and humans.</p>},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/10656},
}