@article{TEXTUAL,
      recid = {10543},
      author = {Ballard, Michael E. and Weafer, Jessica and Gallo, David  A. and Wit, Harriet de},
      title = {Effects of Acute Methamphetamine on Emotional Memory  Formation in Humans: Encoding vs Consolidation},
      journal = {PLOS ONE},
      address = {2015-02-13},
      number = {TEXTUAL},
      abstract = {<p>Understanding how stimulant drugs affect memory is  important for understanding their addictive potential. Here  we examined the effects of acute d-methamphetamine (METH),  administered either before (encoding phase) or immediately  after (consolidation phase) study on memory for emotional  and neutral images in healthy humans. Young adult  volunteers (<em>N</em> = 60) were randomly assigned to  either an encoding group (<em>N = 29</em>) or a  consolidation group (<em>N</em> = 31). Across three  experimental sessions, they received placebo and two doses  of METH (10, 20 mg) either 45 min before (encoding) or  immediately after (consolidation) viewing pictures of  emotionally positive, neutral, and negative scenes. Memory  for the pictures was tested two days later, under drug-free  conditions. Half of the sample reported sleep disturbances  following the high dose of METH, which affected their  memory performance. Therefore, participants were classified  as poor sleepers (less than 6 hours; n = 29) or adequate  sleepers (6 or more hours; n = 31) prior to analyses. For  adequate sleepers, METH (20 mg) administered before  encoding significantly improved memory accuracy relative to  placebo, especially for emotional (positive and negative),  compared to neutral, stimuli. For poor sleepers in the  encoding group, METH impaired memory. METH did not affect  memory in the consolidation group regardless of sleep  quality. These results extend previous findings showing  that METH can enhance memory for salient emotional stimuli  but only if it is present at the time of study, where it  can affect both encoding and consolidation. METH does not  appear to facilitate consolidation if administered after  encoding. The study also demonstrates the important role of  sleep in memory studies.</p>},
      url = {http://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/10543},
}